Máscara laríngea I-Gel® versus bolsa-válvula-mascarilla en la reanimación cardiopulmonar instrumental bajo monitorización capnográfica: ensayo clínico piloto aleatorizado por grupos / I-Gel® laryngeal mask versus bag-valve-mask in instrumental cardiopulmonary resuscitation under capnographic monitoring: Cluster-randomized pilot clinical trial

Objetivo: Comparar la vía aérea básica y la vía aérea avanzada con el dispositivo supraglótico I-Gel®, por medio de la capnografía durante la RCP intermedia. Diseño: Estudio piloto experimental aleatorizado por grupos. Emplazamiento: Asistencia extrahospitalaria en unidades de soporte vital básico en la isla de Mallorca. Participantes: Adultos atendidos tras parada cardiorrespiratoria de origen no traumático. Intervenciones: Manejo de la vía aérea avanzado durante la RCP instrumental con I-Gel® o básica con bolsa-válvula-mascarilla, bajo monitorización capnográfica. Mediciones principales: Niveles capnométricos obtenidos según dispositivo empleado, número de inserciones de la I-Gel®, casos sin conseguir una correcta inserción/ventilación por ramas, consecución de ROSC en la RCP y número de ingresos vivos hospitalarios. Resultados: Se reclutaron 23 casos para su análisis. La tasa de éxito de inserción de la I-Gel® fue 92,9% al primer intento, los valores capnométricos medios fueron de 16,3mmHg en grupo control y de 27,4% en el grupo intervención. El 34,8% (n=8) de los pacientes alcanzó recuperación, circulación espontánea en algún momento y el 26,1% (n=6) ingresaron vivos en el hospital. El análisis de supervivencia, atendiendo a la llegada de la unidad y el primer minuto de ventilaciones registrados junto a la variable ingreso vivo hospitalario sugiere una cierta tendencia hacia una mayor supervivencia en la rama intervención (P=0,066). Conclusiones: El uso de la I-Gel® suscita una mejora en la ventilación de los pacientes en PCR, evidenciado por los valores capnométricos medios en el grupo intervención, no encontrándose correlación con variables de resultado de la RCP.(AU)

Objective: To compare the basic airway and the advanced airway with the supraglottic device I-Gel®, by means of capnography during intermediate CPR. Design: Randomized experimental pilot study by groups. Setting: Out-hospital care basic life support units on the Island of Mallorca. Participants: Adults attended after cardiorespiratory arrest of non-traumatic origin. Interventions: Advanced airway management during instrumental CPR with I-Gel® or basic CPR with bag-valve-mask, under capnographic monitoring. Main measurements: Capnometric levels obtained according to the device used, number of insertions of the I-Gel®, cases without achieving correct insertion/ventilation by branches, achievement of ROSC in CPR and number of hospital live admissions. Results: Twenty-three cases were recruited for analysis. The insertion success rate of the I-Gel® was 92.9% at the first attempt, the mean capnometric values were 16.3mmHg in the control group and 27.4% in the intervention group. 34.8% (n=8) of the patients achieved spontaneous circulation recovery at some point and 26.1% (n=6) were admitted to hospital alive. The survival analysis, taking into account the arrival of the unit and the first minute of ventilations recorded together with the variable hospital admission, suggests a certain trend of greater survival in the intervention branch (P=.066). Conclusions: The use of I-Gel® raises an improvement in the ventilation of the patients in PCR, evidenced by the mean capnometric values in the intervention group, finding no correlation with CPR outcome variables.(AU)

[I-Gel® laryngeal mask versus bag-valve-mask in instrumental cardiopulmonary resuscitation under capnographic monitoring: Cluster-randomized pilot clinical trial]. / Máscara laríngea I-Gel® versus bolsa-válvula-mascarilla en la reanimación cardiopulmonar instrumental bajo monitorización capnográfica: ensayo clínico piloto aleatorizado por grupos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the basic airway and the advanced airway with the supraglottic device I-Gel®, by means of capnography during intermediate CPR. DESIGN: Randomized experimental pilot study by groups. SETTING: Out-hospital care basic life support units on the Island of Mallorca. PARTICIPANTS: Adults attended after cardiorespiratory arrest of non-traumatic origin. INTERVENTIONS: Advanced airway management during instrumental CPR with I-Gel® or basic CPR with bag-valve-mask, under capnographic monitoring. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Capnometric levels obtained according to the device used, number of insertions of the I-Gel®, cases without achieving correct insertion/ventilation by branches, achievement of ROSC in CPR and number of hospital live admissions. RESULTS: Twenty-three cases were recruited for analysis. The insertion success rate of the I-Gel® was 92.9% at the first attempt, the mean capnometric values were 16.3mmHg in the control group and 27.4% in the intervention group. 34.8% (n=8) of the patients achieved spontaneous circulation recovery at some point and 26.1% (n=6) were admitted to hospital alive. The survival analysis, taking into account the arrival of the unit and the first minute of ventilations recorded together with the variable hospital admission, suggests a certain trend of greater survival in the intervention branch (P=.066). CONCLUSIONS: The use of I-Gel® raises an improvement in the ventilation of the patients in PCR, evidenced by the mean capnometric values in the intervention group, finding no correlation with CPR outcome variables.

Use of supraglottic airway devices under capnography monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Bag-valve-mask ventilation is the most commonly applied method during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Globally, advanced airway management with blind insertion devices such as supraglottic airway devices has been implemented for years by different emergency services. The efficiency of ventilation via such devices could be measured by capnography. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether capnography is useful in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to assess the effectiveness of ventilation via supraglottic airway devices. REVIEW METHODS USED: This is a systematic review written following the steps of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses protocols. DATA SOURCES: A bibliographic search was carried out from the following databases: EBSCOhost, Scopus, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Spanish Medical Index, Spanish Bibliographic Index in Health Sciences, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, from inception until September 2019. REVIEW METHODS: Studies describing the use of capnography with supraglottic airway devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation manoeuvres were selected and evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were identified by title and abstract: six were randomised clinical trials, 11 were nonrandomised clinical trials, six were descriptive prospective studies, and one was a descriptive retrospective study. Nine primary research articles were selected for synthesis. Only one provided objective values of capnography obtained with ventilation with these devices, correlating them with the results of resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence published so far is scarce, mostly from observational studies with high risk of bias in general. Although a degree of recommendation cannot be established, some results indicate that capnography has the potential to facilitate advanced clinical practice of ventilation with supraglottic airway devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Systematic Review of Capnography with Mask Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Maneuvers.

The latest guidelines identify capnography as an instrument used to assess bag-valve-mask ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this review, we analyzed the feasibility and reliability of capnography use with face mask ventilation during CPR maneuvers in adults and children. This systematic review was completed in December 2018; data for the study were obtained from the following databases: EBSCOhost, SCOPUS, PubMed, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), TESEO, and Cochrane Library Plus. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the articles; we analyzed publications from different sources and identified studies that focused on the use of capnography with a face mask during CPR maneuvers in order to describe the capnometry value and its correlation with resuscitation outcomes and the assistance of professionals. A total of 888 papers were collected, and 17 papers were included that provided objective values for the use of capnography with a mask for ventilation. Four were randomized clinical trials (RCT) and the rest were observational studies. Four studies were completed in adults and 13 were completed in newborns. After the analysis of the papers, we recommended a capnographic level of C in adults and B in newborns. Despite the little evidence obtained, capnography has been demonstrated to facilitate the advanced clinical practice of mask ventilation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, to be reliable in the early detection of heart rate increase in newborns, and to asses in-airway patency and lung aeration during newborn resuscitation.

Capnography as a tool to detect metabolic changes in patients cared for in the emergency setting.

OBJECTIVE:: to evaluate the usefulness of capnography for the detection of metabolic changes in spontaneous breathing patients, in the emergency and intensive care settings. METHODS:: in-depth and structured bibliographical search in the databases EBSCOhost, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Cochrane Library, among others, identifying studies that assessed the relationship between capnography values and the variables involved in blood acid-base balance. RESULTS:: 19 studies were found, two were reviews and 17 were observational studies. In nine studies, capnography values were correlated with carbon dioxide (CO2), eight with bicarbonate (HCO3), three with lactate, and four with blood pH. CONCLUSIONS:: most studies have found a good correlation between capnography values and blood biomarkers, suggesting the usefulness of this parameter to detect patients at risk of severe metabolic change, in a fast, economical and accurate way. OBJETIVO:: avaliar a utilidade da capnografia para a detecção de alterações metabólicas em pacientes com respiração espontânea, no contexto das emergências e dos cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO:: pesquisa bibliográfica estruturada aprofundada, nas bases de dados EBSCOhost, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Cochrane Library, entre outras, identificando estudos que avaliavam a relação entre os valores da capnografia e as variáveis envolvidas no equilíbrio ácido-base sanguíneo. RESULTADOS:: foram levantados 19 estudos, dois eram revisões e 17 eram estudos observacionais. Em nove estudos, os valores capnográficos foram correlacionados com o dióxido de carbono (CO2), em oito com o bicarbonato (HCO3), em três com o lactato, e em quatro com o pH sanguíneo. CONCLUSÕES:: na maioria dos estudos foi observada uma correlação adequada entre os valores capnográficos e os biomarcadores sanguíneos, sugerindo a utilidade deste parâmetro para a identificação de pacientes com risco de sofrer uma alteração metabólica grave, de uma forma rápida, econômica e precisa. OBJETIVO:: explorar la utilidad de la capnografía para la detección de alteraciones metabólicas ante pacientes en respiración espontánea, en el ámbito de las emergencias y los cuidados críticos. MÉTODO:: búsqueda bibliográfica estructurada en profundidad, en bases de datos EBSCOhost, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, PubMed, Cochrane Library, entre otras, identificando estudios que evaluaban la relación entre valores de la capnografía y variables implicadas en el equilibrio ácido-base sanguíneo. RESULTADOS:: se recopilaron 19 estudios, dos eran revisiones y 17 observacionales. En nueve estudios, se correlacionaron los valores capnográficos junto al dióxido de carbono (CO2), en ocho con el bicarbonato (HCO3), tres con el lactato, y cuatro con el pH sanguíneo. CONCLUSIONES:: la mayoría de estudios han obtenido una correlación adecuada entre los valores capnográficos y biomarcadores sanguíneos, sugiriendo la utilidad de este parámetro para la detección de pacientes en riesgo de padecer una alteración metabólica grave, de forma rápida, económica y precisa.

Capnography as a tool to detect metabolic changes in patients cared for in the emergency setting / Capnografia como ferramenta para detectar alterações metabólicas em pacientes atendidos em situações de emergência / Capnografía como herramienta para detectar alteraciones metabólicas de los pacientes atendidos en situaciones de urgência

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the usefulness of capnography for the detection of metabolic changes in spontaneous breathing patients, in the emergency and intensive care settings. Methods: in-depth and structured bibliographical search in the databases EBSCOhost, Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Cochrane Library, among others, identifying studies that assessed the relationship between capnography values and the variables involved in blood acid-base balance. Results: 19 studies were found, two were reviews and 17 were observational studies. In nine studies, capnography values were correlated with carbon dioxide (CO2), eight with bicarbonate (HCO3), three with lactate, and four with blood pH. Conclusions: most studies have found a good correlation between capnography values and blood biomarkers, suggesting the usefulness of this parameter to detect patients at risk of severe metabolic change, in a fast, economical and accurate way.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a utilidade da capnografia para a detecção de alterações metabólicas em pacientes com respiração espontânea, no contexto das emergências e dos cuidados intensivos. Método: pesquisa bibliográfica estruturada aprofundada, nas bases de dados EBSCOhost, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Cochrane Library, entre outras, identificando estudos que avaliavam a relação entre os valores da capnografia e as variáveis envolvidas no equilíbrio ácido-base sanguíneo. Resultados: foram levantados 19 estudos, dois eram revisões e 17 eram estudos observacionais. Em nove estudos, os valores capnográficos foram correlacionados com o dióxido de carbono (CO2), em oito com o bicarbonato (HCO3), em três com o lactato, e em quatro com o pH sanguíneo. Conclusões: na maioria dos estudos foi observada uma correlação adequada entre os valores capnográficos e os biomarcadores sanguíneos, sugerindo a utilidade deste parâmetro para a identificação de pacientes com risco de sofrer uma alteração metabólica grave, de uma forma rápida, econômica e precisa.

RESUMEN Objetivo: explorar la utilidad de la capnografía para la detección de alteraciones metabólicas ante pacientes en respiración espontánea, en el ámbito de las emergencias y los cuidados críticos. Método: búsqueda bibliográfica estructurada en profundidad, en bases de datos EBSCOhost, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, PubMed, Cochrane Library, entre otras, identificando estudios que evaluaban la relación entre valores de la capnografía y variables implicadas en el equilibrio ácido-base sanguíneo. Resultados: se recopilaron 19 estudios, dos eran revisiones y 17 observacionales. En nueve estudios, se correlacionaron los valores capnográficos junto al dióxido de carbono (CO2), en ocho con el bicarbonato (HCO3), tres con el lactato, y cuatro con el pH sanguíneo. Conclusiones: la mayoría de estudios han obtenido una correlación adecuada entre los valores capnográficos y biomarcadores sanguíneos, sugiriendo la utilidad de este parámetro para la detección de pacientes en riesgo de padecer una alteración metabólica grave, de forma rápida, económica y precisa.